Music and Christians Essay - 1335 Words

Music is an everyday occurrence for most people. In some way, shape and form, people listen to music. For Christians, specially those at bible college, this can be in chapel day to day. For others it may be in a car or even in the workplace, which can be the case for Christians also. Music for me is an everyday occurrence, not only in chapel but also in other places such as my dorm room and when I get ready for sports. These things has caused me to research the topic of music. It has a huge impact on my life. I have sometimes listened to music when I am stressed out and need an escape. I listen to music to get ready for sports games, such as for football and basketball. Music is in my dorm room when I am doing homework. When reading or†¦show more content†¦The music I listen to most is in the rock genre. Solomon elaborated on this topic when determining whether rock music is evil or not: â€Å"Rock music is not intrinsically evil. It did not originate in a pagan past, and e ven if it did that would not mean that it is evil. Nevertheless, since it has been a prominent and influential part of American culture for several decades, it demands the attention of evangelicals. The attention it is given should begin with the understanding that the problems that are a part of rock do not reside in the music itself; they reside in sinful people who can and often do abuse it. The same can be said about any musical style, or any other art form.† (Solomon leaderu.com) So to look at it this way is to see that rock music is not evil in itself. But it does show that we are to look at the abuse of it and lean on the fact of the lyrics as stated earlier. Another source looks at whether God can use rock music for His glory or not. The article says that question shouldn’t be, â€Å"Can God use Christian rock music for His glory?† but it should be, â€Å"Will He use Christian rock music for His glory.† (Bealer helium.com) The author Paula Be aler follows that with a question of her own, â€Å"Why wouldn’t he?† She also goes on to state: This scripture [Psalms 150:3-6] is only one of many scriptures that tell us to useShow MoreRelatedContemporary Christian Music Essay902 Words   |  4 Pageslife was when I developed my own taste in music. I went from contemporary Christian to listening to almost anything and everything. Now I listen to Christian metal, pop and rock. Contemporary Christian music now that I have discovered Christian metal and all the other genres of music sounds plain and boring I cannot stand to listen to it. Some Christian contemporary artists are Tobymac, Casting crowns, Tenth Avenue North, and Amy Grant. 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While all three individuals provide logical arguments, I, under the acquirement of my viewpoint on the unspoken power of music on individualsRead MoreChristian Music (Rapper Lecrae)1658 Words   |  7 Pagesthe majority of music is about making money, doing drugs, or having sex, it is complicated for music concerning other topics to gain attention. However, there are always a few jewels that beat the odds. Lecrae, the stage name of a Christian lyricist who piously centers his music around the teachings of Jesus Christ, is one of those jewels. In all of his songs there are explicit references that all of his energy is channeled into doing the wi ll of God. Typically Lecrae’s genre of music is overlookedRead MoreSpiritual and Religious Music1831 Words   |  7 Pagesthat belong to a certain religion participate in rituals, religious holidays or perform traditional music that belongs to that religion. Music has the power to control the emotions and thoughts of its listeners. Furthermore, religious music is able to initiate or deepen the spiritual connection between the listener, performer, and the higher being regardless of sect. Can different genres of music that belong to various religions share similar musical or spiritual elements? Three songs that are ofRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Song How to Save A Life by The Fray839 Words   |  4 Pageslife. The song was written to guide someone to help those in need. In an interview that Christian radio personality, Stan Friedman, had with Isaac Slade, the Fray?s lead vocalist, Friedman mentions, ?The title track to How to Save a Life recounts Slades mentoring rela tionship with a teenager at a Christian halfway house who seemed hell-bent on destroying himself?but, fortunately, did not? (Christian Music Today). In the same interview Slade says: This kid had a thousand opportunities to getRead MoreMusic Plays A Influence On My Life988 Words   |  4 PagesMusic plays a tremendous role in my life and always has. From the age of five, my parents introduced to me to one particular type of music, which was gospel and it has been a part of who I am ever since. I can remember waking up early on Sunday morning hearing gospel music from artist such as Kim Burrell, Shirley Caesar, and Mary Mary. I began learning these particular gospel songs and then I gained the courage to sing these songs in church. At that moment, I knew singing was a passion of mine andRead More Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier Essay example2620 Words   |  11 PagesMountain, the theme of music is one of the novel’s most powerful themes. From symbolizing character growth to the healing of physical wounds, music plays an integral part in this novel. While many critics will point out that music has little effect on the human psyche, Charles Frazier sho ws his belief that music does indeed have a profound effect on the human mind throughout Cold Mountain. Throughout the novel, Inman, Ada, Ruby, Stobrod, and many other characters experience music that allows them toRead MoreGospel music Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesGospel Music Gospel music began in the cotton fields of the old south. It originates from slaves singing songs of freedom about Jesus and has integrated into today’s music. Gospel music is a standard version of sanctified music that has encouraged Christian beliefs and stimulated the practice of Christian ethical principles, both inside the context of worship services and as music entertainment. Gospel music began with Thomas A. Dorsey, the Father of Gospel Music. Gospel, mean good news, it was

Drivers of Foreign Policy Free Essays

Since the peaceful coup that brought the current emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, to power in 1995, Qatar has entered into an increasingly expanding foreign policy, which has greatly increased the country’s regional and international standing. The main feature of Qatar’s foreign policy is its role as mediator and negotiator in a number of conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, for example in Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Iraq, Israel and the occupied territories, Lebanon, Sudan and Yemen. In each case, Qatar prided itself on engaging with warring factions to push for political settlements or rapprochement, as well as providing humanitarian assistance. We will write a custom essay sample on Drivers of Foreign Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The decisions governing Qatar’s participation in such conflicts are very central. The main decision-makers are the Emir, His Highness Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Al-Thani. Restricting much of the decision-making of this small circle has quickly led to foreign (and local) policy decisions, allowing Qatar to respond quickly to emerging conflicts with mediation offers. While it can be said that drawing a picture of the country as a benefactor is a public diplomatic move by Qatar – since neutrality facilitates the consolidation of credibility among multiple audiences – there are deeper motives behind Qatar’s expansionist approach to mediating the conflict by expanding its foreign policy. The first motive is to maintain its security and stability. Qatar is located in the Arabian Peninsula, an area full of political and military rivalries. By increasing its international standing, Qatar aims to protect itself from the dangers of non-disclosure of small and vulnerable states 5 – risks of the type suffered by Kuwait in 1990. 6 In addition, by engaging in mediation between conflicting factions such as Houthis and the Yemeni government. Or between Hezbollah and its allies on the one hand and the March 14 bloc on the other, Qatar can be seen as trying to contain those conflicts and prevent their spread closer to home. This inevitability becomes more acute when one considers the role Iran plays in those conflicts and in the Gulf in particular. Iran is the main backer of Hezbollah and has established links with the Huthis in Yemen and a number of Shiite movements in the Gulf. Qatar also shares the largest oil field in the world with Iran, and is fully aware of Iran’s expansionist foreign policy objectives in the region. By trying to mediate between non-Iranian actors and their rivals, Qatar is trying to counter Iranian influence in the Middle East in general, and more specifically in the Gulf, while maintaining friendly relations with Iran. Thus, in addition to general security concerns, Iran’s role in the region can be seen as a clear driver behind Qatar’s mediation of the Middle East conflict. The third motive for Qatari mediation is the desire to expand its influence as a regional player, especially in the face of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has traditionally played a leading role in conflicts throughout the region, for example during the Lebanese civil war. However, in recent years Saudi mediation has been spoiled for perceived neutrality, making the Kingdom an active player rather than a neutral intermediary. The close relationship between Saudi Arabia and the March 14 political bloc in Lebanon, led by Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri, is an example. Qatar therefore viewed a vacuum in the Arab international relations it was trying to bridge. Its involvement in conflicts across the Middle East and beyond is an effort to present itself as a vital alternative to Saudi Arabia and a potential new leader in the Middle East. This role was further enhanced by Qatar’s membership of the United Nations Security Council in 2006-2007, during which the Emirate increased its regional mediation and assistance activities. However, Qatar was keen not to exceed the limits of its relationship with Saudi Arabia. Despite Qatar’s view of Saudi Arabia’s low influence in the Middle East (in addition to the growing Iranian influence, which adds to the urgent need for regional Arab leadership), the country remains cautious not to conflict with the kingdom’s domestic and foreign policies. Thus, when the Bahraini uprising began in 2011, Qatar supported the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) – led by Saudi Arabia – mission to quell the insurgency. 7 When the Yemeni uprising, which began in the same year, gained momentum, Qatar also supported the GCC initiative it managed. The path of transition in Yemen, leading to a negotiated transition instead of overthrowing the regime of Ali Abdullah Saleh. Although Qatar’s relationship with Saudi Arabia over the years has been turbulent, it has finally reached a rapprochement in 2008 and has continued to become more entrenched, driven by Qatari realism and the Emirate’s awareness of the limits of its influence in the Gulf. Saudi Arabia is the dominant political power in the Arabian Peninsula, where Qatar has not yet had the opportunity or the ability to play the first major role. Both countries share concerns about the instability and political transition that are reaching their territory, which leads them to cooperate more than confrontation. How to cite Drivers of Foreign Policy, Papers

Ethical Theory And Business For Corporate Ethics

Question: Discuss about a Report on Ethical Theory and Business for Corporate Ethics? Answer: Introduction: The business ethics is most essential for any business organizations in respect of continuous growth of their business along with improvement of their work environment. Business ethics are the system of laws, guidelines or rules and regulations by which any organization or companies operate their business in a legal, fair as well as moral manner. Business ethics comprises of the most critical duties of any business organizations such as, corporate governance, bribery protection, fiduciary responsibilities, insider trading, discrimination, corruption, tax avoidance, unionization, political contributions, globalizations, executive pay, corporate social responsibilities, privacy, earning management, intellectual property, human resource, health and safety of the employees as well as marketing practices Background and development of theoretical ethical approaches: Ethical approach is the most significant part of the management of the company. The companies maintain their standard of quality of their products or services in the market along with satisfying the employees by looking upon their basic values, such as Family: By ensuring that the job secures the well-being of the family of the employees. Recreation: Ensuring the various recreational facilities of the job to the employees. Sense of Accomplishment: Ensuring that the employees get a sense of accomplishments after completing the job. Advancement in the company: Ensuring that the employee equal and fair chance to advance in their career within the company. Financial Security: Ensuring that the employees get the financial security in performing their job. Integrity: Ensuring that the job provides accurate information as well as emphasizing the equality in the corporation. Due to rapid globalization of the world, which means the drastic changes in transport, communications as well as media, the world economy has grown more mutually dependent. The consumers are more conscious about the quality along with variety of the products and services. Therefore, the market has grown more competitive for the market as the more and more companies are doing their business in same market as well as with the customer base (Arnold, Beauchamp and Bowie, 2013). Hence, the idea of the business ethics have evaluated in a rapid succession. Various theories of business in contemporary market are discussed below: General Business Ethics: The general business ethics concept ensures the interest of the stakeholders by forbidding to focus on the interests of anyone else. It also performs the corporate social responsibility. Moreover, it also comprises of the responsibilities in relation with fiduciary responsibilities, stakeholder versus shareholder concept, hostile takeovers, industrial espionage, political contribution, reforming the corporate law as well as the misuse of corporate ethics policies (Hanekamp, 2007). Professional Business Ethics: Professional business ethics are mostly comprises of infinite problems in respect of practical ethical ground as well as various business administrational activities. Accounting Information Ethics: This part of business ethics covers the various activities in relation with accounting; such as, creative accounting, management of earnings, ambiguous financial evaluation, compensation of executives, bribery as well as payments in relation with facilitation (Brooks and Brooks, 2000). Human Resource Ethics: This part mostly manages the various issues related to human resource, that is, relationship between employer and employee, age discrimination, union busting, strike breaking, surveillance of workplace, drug testing, employment law as well as safety and health of the employees (Deckop, 2006). Sales and Marketing Ethics: This concept of particular ethics covers the total extent of sales and marketing function; that is, pricing of the products, anti-competitive expertise, and specific marketing strategies, such as, green washing, baiting and switching, shill, viral market practices, spam, and pyramid scheme. Moreover, it also includes the advertisement contents; children related marketing as well as black markets along with grey markets (Brenkert, 2008). Production Ethics: This part mainly focuses on the quality of the products and services. It also comprises of the relation with the environment and products as well as services. Intellectual property ethics: This part of the business ethics comprises with intellectual property system of the company. Comparison of absolute and relative ethics: Since the origin of the ethics, there are arguments about the foundation of the absolute and relative ethics in philosophical point of view. Lots of the scholars provide the opinion to form the acceptability of the either ethical concept. The comparison between the absolute and relative ethics, which will indicate the stark contrast between tem, is discussed below: Absolute Business Ethics: Absolute business ethics signifies that the ethic is unbendable and cannot be violated under any circumstances. It defines that whatever the situation demands; the company must follow the same code of conduct. There are lots of positive points to absolutism in respect of business ethics as certain policies can be easily applied in the controversial ground. It also ensures the equality of the employees, customers as well as other stakeholders https://www.globalethicsuniversity.com/articles/absolutesandrelativisim.htm. Relative Business Ethics: Relative business ethics indicates that the ethic can be dependable on the various situations along with circumstances. It denotes that on the basis of different scenario as the situation demands; the company can apply, skip or bend the code of conduct. There are lots of positive points to relativism in relation with business ethics as lots of policies can be applied in a flexible manner. It also allows the corporation to grant lots of ground to perform their duties in an efficient fashion https://www.globalethicsuniversity.com/articles/absolutesandrelativisim.htm. Ethical issues affecting operational activities of a business In the present era of 21st century most of the companies of every scales face an infinite number of ethical dilemmas. Various business organizations must focus on their rules and regulations to maintain a strict organizational system and execute the business programs in an efficient manner (Trevino and Weaver, 2003). However, there are lots of issues that originate on the implementation of the ethical structures. Those issues are discussed below: Fundamental Issues: By implementing all of the ethical ideas in an organization, the corporation mostly faces the major issues such as integrity and trust. Without the trust and integrity the business professional will not conduct the business affairs with honesty of the fair treatment of every consumer. Subsequently the consumer will lose trust towards the corporation and the company will lose the potential customer as well as the growth of their business (Vilcox and Mohan, 2007). Diversity Issues: In case of implementing the appropriate code of conducts the companies mostly faces the major issue of diversifying the workforce in efficient manner. Without the proper diversification the company will not gain the apposite work environment for their employees and consequently hamper their success of their business. Decision Making Issues: By executing the all kind of ethical concepts the company faces a lot of difficulty in respect of decision making process. Without the proper decision making system the corporation will not be able to build crucial decision in critical situation. Therefore, it will be difficult for the corporation to improve their business growth in a smooth fashion. Compliance and Governance Issues: Although, the companys most important responsibility is to ensure the growth of their business, the execution of the every ethical concept demands to comply with the laws of the environment, federal and state security laws, fiscal and monetary act as well as laws about civil right (Monks and Minow, 2004) Business objectives are affected by ethical considerations Talking about the executing of the ethical concepts, the corporation mostly faces a lot of factors that witness the effect of the ethical considerations in respect of conducting the business objectives. Those factors are discussed below: Corporate Governance: The corporate governance system is mainly affected by the various ethical considerations (Monks and Minow, 2004). Corporate Social Responsibility: By the execution of various ethical considerations the corporation faces a number of dilemmas in respect of performing the Corporate Social Responsibility (Hunnicutt, 2009). In order to implement various ethical considerations the corporation has to focus on the environment. Consequently that affects the growth of their business (Newton, 2005). By the performing of the various ethical ideas the corporation faces infinite difficulty to sustain in this competitive market. Human Rights: With the help of execution of various ethical concepts the company directly affects the human resource management of the corporation (Langwith, 2008) The major issue in respect of ethical consideration in the organizational workplace is the corruption (Jakubowicz and Fiedler, 2010). Trading Fairly: With the proper execution of ethical ideas a corporation can be achieve their success in their business by trading fairly. Legal and regulatory compliances: The ethical concepts help the corporation to comply with the legal and regulatory statute. Business Practices: The ethical theories can change the entire business practices of the corporation. Relationship between stakeholders and shareholders: The ethical considerations can highly affects to conduct the relationship between stakeholders and shareholders (Phillips and Freeman, 2010). Implications for a business and its stakeholders In order to conduct a successful business approach in an ethical manner the corporation must focus on some crucial factors. These factors can highly help to develop a systematic and evaluated business program in which the corporations and its stakeholders to operate their business ethically (Phillips and Freeman, 2010). These major factors are mentioned below: Adapting Business Behaviour: The Corporation must adapt their business behaviour in a manner that the business is operated in an ethical manner. Responding the ethical pressures: The Corporation must respond to the various ethical concepts as well as pressures both the internal as well as external. Implementing Ethical Practices: The organisation must perform their responsibilities in respect of implementing ethical practices. Influence of stakeholders and pressure groups: In order to operate the business ethically the company must look upon the stakeholders and various pressure groups; consequently influencing them accordingly (Phillips and Freeman, 2010). Impact on competitiveness: Although, the various implementations of the ethical concepts can affect the competitiveness, the company must carry on the operation of their business ethically. Reputation: The Company will gain a huge positive reputation by conducting their business program ethically. Public Image: The organisation will increase their public image by executing the ethical concepts in their business scheme. Ethical Trade: The organisation must perform the trade in an efficient manner. Complying with legislation: The Corporation must study the various act such as UK law, EU law, UN declaration on human rights and various phenomenon on the contemporary economic study. Role of the company A company has a major role in order to act as moral agent. The company must perform some major responsibilities to conduct the business in an efficient manner. Those responsibilities are mentioned below: Safe Workplace: In accordance with department of Occupational Health and Safety Administration, the corporation must ensure a secure and healthy work environment (Ringel, 2000). Every employees of the company must have the workplace without the unnecessary risk. The company must provide various tools in relation with security and safety of every employee of the company. Prompt Payment of Employees: The Company must pay their employees in proper time in a regular fashion. The small delay of the payment to the employee can create a difficult situation for their employees. It can raise high resentment within the employees. Customer Relation: The Company must maintain their relation with their customer in a fair and equal manner. The company must avoid of false advertisement and vague terms in respect of sales of their products. The company also must provide the products within the promised time. However, if the delay occurs the company must notify their customer about the probable time of arrival of the products (Peppers and Rogers, 2004). Comply with the Legislation: The Company must comply with the legislation of the federal and state department. Environment Consciousness: The Company must operate their business without harming the environment. Development of mechanisms The environment where the employees of the company directly participate to fulfil the goals of their company is known as employee involvement and empowerment https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employee-involvement.html. The mechanism on which the total employee involvement and empowerment is founded is discussed below: Regular participation of employees: The Company must create an environment where the employees of the company will be able to participate at the planning of various program regularly (Sagie and Koslowsky, 2000). Monitoring the work performance: The Company must analyse the work performance of every employee, so that the level of the quality of the work is systematically checked out. Suggestion for Improvement: The Company must provide regular suggestion on the basis of the performance analysis of the employees (Sagie and Koslowsky, 2000). The Company must regularly plan to improve their work environment as well as performance for the betterment of their business. m of the working: The Company must conclude an well evaluated system of the working process as this system can enhance the efficiency of the work. Current ethical issue in Primark: The major issue regarding the implementation of every ethical consideration is critical dilemmas in Human Resources Management and Work Environment maintenance. Across the world as well as Primarks condition of textile worker is very poor. The major factors those are the most important ethical issue in textile sector are discussed below: Wages of the textile sectors: The wages of the entire textile sector across the world is a critical concern for the garments company as it is the major factor of ethical ground. According to the research done by the scholars the average hourly wages in textile workshops of Primarks is less than 50p. However, the prices of each and every basic commodity have increased minimum 200 per cent. Work Environment: The entire work environment in Primarks garments factory is very much poor. The workers are forced to work in a lengthy work shift without suitable break. The garments workers face a lot of harsh behavior from the management of the Primarks textile sector. As the wages system is too low to support a comfortable life for the families of the workers, they are forced to perform over-duties. Job Insecurities: The workers are forced to work on contract without the direct payroll of the company. They are forced to work in various shifts throughout the month. Thus the workers face a lot of insecurity towards their job. Primark could improve the ethics of their operations In order to ensure good employer/employee relationships by improving the ethics of their operations the company must enlist the workers in the direct payroll of the company. In this way the textile workers will obtain the job security and they will be highly dedicated towards their job. Moreover, the company must need to raise the wages of their workers so that they can have a good life and will be inspired to get better in their work as far as the quality is concerned (Snoeyenbos, Almeder and Humber, 2001). The company will also need to focus on their management as they maintain a professional environment in the workshop. This way the organization will be more efficient in operating their business in a more smooth as well as ethical fashion. However, it will seem that these ethical changes will affect the profit of the organization, it can be a crucial process for the achievement of the business growth of the organization as the professional and dedicated work environment will resul t a better quality for the production (Snoeyenbos, Almeder and Humber, 2001). Suitable ethical code In order to obtain the goal of ultimate growth of the organization the company must set out an ethical code (Barth, 2003). The most suitable ethical code for Primark is discussed below: The company must focus to transform itself in a socially responsible organization. The company should look forward to promote human rights at work and ensure better work environment. The company must participate in the well-being of the surrounding community. Primark also need to be more conscious about the environment and make an effort to protect it. The company must ensure that the worker get a fair chance to progress their career within the company. The company must fix the level of maximum overtime hours. By the execution of this ethical code the company can obtain the most efficient ethical code in order to operate their business (Barth, 2003). Conclusion: Hence, it is concluded that in the contemporary corporate world business ethics are most crucial factors in respect of operating business in the most proficient manner. Due to significant changes of the modern business world the companies all over the world has to adapt their business ethics in a more efficient as well as professional fashion. There are lots of parts of the business ethics those have to be considered to maintain the organisational phenomenon smoothly. The most basic difference of the point of view towards the business ethics are absolutism and relativism. The comparison and stark contrast between them is discussed above. There is a detailed discussion above about lots of ethical issues, which affect the operational activities. There is most effective ethical code for Primark is discussed above. References: Arnold, D., Beauchamp, T. and Bowie, N. (2013). Ethical theory and business. Boston: Pearson Education. Barth, S. (2003). Corporate ethics. [Boston]: Aspatore. Brenkert, G. (2008). Marketing ethics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Brooks, L. and Brooks, L. (2000). Business and professional ethics for accountants. Egan, Mn.: South-Western College Pub. BusinessDictionary.com, (2015). What is employee involvement? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employee-involvement.html [Accessed 28 Aug. 2015]. Deckop, J. (2006). Human resource management ethics. Greenwich, Conn.: Information Age Pub. Globalethicsuniversity.com, (2015). Absolutes and Ethical Relativism in the Workplace. [online] Available at: https://www.globalethicsuniversity.com/articles/absolutesandrelativisim.htm [Accessed 28 Aug. 2015]. Hanekamp, G. (2007). Business ethics of innovation. Berlin: Springer. Hunnicutt, S. (2009). Corporate social responsibility. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Jakubowicz, L. and Fiedler, F. (2010). Corruption. Vienna: Federal Ministry of the Interior. Langwith, J. (2008). Human rights. Detroit, Mich.: Greenhaven Press. Monks, R. and Minow, N. (2004). Corporate governance. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub. Newton, L. (2005). Business ethics and the natural environment. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Peppers, D. and Rogers, M. (2004). Managing customer relationships. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Phillips, R. and Freeman, R. (2010). Stakeholders. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Ringel, H. (2000). Key vocabulary for a safe workplace. Syracuse, NY: New Readers Press. Sagie, A. and Koslowsky, M. (2000). Participation and empowerment in organizations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Snoeyenbos, M., Almeder, R. and Humber, J. (2001). Business ethics. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. Trevino, L. and Weaver, G. (2003). Managing ethics in business organizations. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Business Books. Vilcox, M. and Mohan, T. (2007). Contemporary issues in business ethics. New York: Nova Science Pub.

William Shakespear Persuasive Essay Example For Students

William Shakespear Persuasive Essay Born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon, England. Â  His father John Shakespeare and his mother Mary Arden. Â  W.S. was able to attend grammer school and learned Greek and Latin classics (this is comparable to college education today). Â  At age 14 his father lost the family fortune and remained poor until his death At 18 he married Anne Hathaway in 1582. Â  She was 26 years old. Â  They had three children Suzanne(1583) and the twins Hamnet and Judith(1585). In his mid-twenties he left Stratford(supposedly because of poaching on the Queens land) for London. Â  His first job with Richard Burbages men was as an osler; next an actor. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespear Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now No one knows what he was doing during 1585-1592. By 1592 he had become known in London as an actor and playwright; his rise was rapid. Queen Elizabeth 1 supported the arts and the theater. In 1592 a plague closed the theaters(Shakespeare wrote poetry during this time to support himself). Â  In 1593 a brief reopening of the theater happened. In 1594 theaters reopened. The troupe became the Lord Chamberlains Men set up on a servant co-op structure. Â  Requirements for actors: 1. loud voice 2. sing and play instruments 3. good swordsman 4. good memories During this time he wrote many comedies: Â  Comedy of Errors first of any status. Histories were written in support of the govt. Â  This is where they were receiving much of the financial support so they wanted to keep the govt (Queen) happy. Â  W.S. was a major stockholder in the theater. 1597-bought New Place in Stratford(2nd largest house) 1599-Lord Chamberlains Men bought land and built the Globe Theater in Southwark(South Bank of the Thames River). Â  W.S. owned 1/10th 1603-Queen Elizabeth died. Â  King James took reign of England. Â  He loved the arts more than the queen. Â  The name was changed from Lord Chamberlains Men to the Kings Men. 1608-Added to the Globe Theater by buying the Black Friars Theater and giving performances there also. Â  W.S. owned 1/7th 1613-Fire at the Globe during a performance of Henry 8th; rebuilt within a year. Â  Left comedies and histories to write tragedies soon after the Globe reopened. Sonnets-published in 1610 but circulated earlier. First Tragedy: The Tragedy of Hamlet Late plays: Cymbeleneand and Winters Tale became bitter, ironic, and sad (much as his mood was changing toward the latter parts of his life.) The Tempest: last play written as a posible farewell to the theater He wrote 37 plays throughout his life. 1612-retired as a country gentlemen to New Place in Stratford 1616-wrote his will(by himself) 1616-April 23,1616 died on the day and the month he was born 1623 first folio was done by two of the men who admired him from his company at the Globe. Category: Biographies

Poison Dart Frog Facts

Poison Dart Frog Facts Poison dart frogs are small tropical frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. These brightly colored frogs secrete mucous that packs a powerful poisonous punch, while other members of the family camouflage themselves against their surroundings and are nontoxic. Fast Facts: Poison Dart Frog Scientific Name: Family Dendrobatidae (e.g., Phyllobates terribilis)Common Names: Poison dart frog, poison arrow frog, poison frog, dendrobatidBasic Animal Group: AmphibianSize: 0.5-2.5 inchesWeight: 1 ounceLifespan: 1-3 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Tropical forests of Central and South AmericaPopulation: Stable or decreasing, depending on speciesConservation Status: Least Concern to Critically Endangered Species There are over 170 species and 13 genera of poison dart frogs. Although collectively known as poison dart frogs, only four species in the genus Phyllobates were documented as used to poison blowdart tips. Some species are nonpoisonous. Description Most poison dart frogs are brightly colored to warn potential predators of their toxicity. However, nontoxic poison dart frogs are cryptically colored so that they can blend in with their surroundings. Adult frogs are small, ranging from half an inch to just under two and a half inches in length. On average, adults weigh one ounce. Habitat and Distribution Poison dart frogs live in the tropical and subtropical rainforests and wetlands of Central and South America. They are found in Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, Suriname, French Guiana, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, and Brazil. The frogs have been introduced into Hawaii. Diet and Behavior Tadpoles are omnivorous. They feed on debris, dead insects, insect larvae, and algae. Some species eat other tadpoles. Adults use their sticky tongues to capture, ants, termites, and other small invertebrates. Poison Dart Frog Toxicity The frogs poison comes from its diet. Specifically, alkaloids from arthropods accumulate and are secreted through the frogs skin. The toxins vary in potency. The most toxic poison dart frog is the golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis). Each frog contains about one milligram of the poison batrachotoxin, which is sufficient to kill between 10 and 20 people or 10,000 mice. Batrachotoxin prevents nerve impulses from transmitting the signal to relax muscles, causing heart failure. There are no antidotes for poison dart frog exposure. Theoretically, death would occur within three minutes, however, there are no published reports of human deaths from poison dart frog poisoning. The frog has special sodium channels, so it is immune to its own poison. Some predators have developed immunity to the toxin, including the snake Erythrolamprus epinephalus. The golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis) is the most poisonous poison dart frog. Paul Starosta, Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring If the climate is sufficiently wet and warm, poison dart frogs breed year-round. In other areas, breeding is triggered by rainfall. After courtship, the female lays between one and 40 eggs, which are fertilized by the male. Usually both the male and the female guard the eggs until they hatch. Hatching depends on species and temperature, but usually takes between 10 and 18 days. Then, the hatchlings climb onto their parents backs, where they are carried to a nursery. The nursery is a small pool of water between the leaves of bromeliads or other epiphytes. The mother supplements the nutrients of the water by laying unfertilized eggs into it. The tadpoles complete the metamorphosis into adult frogs after several months. In the wild, poison dart frogs live from 1 to 3 years. They may live 10 years in captivity, although the tri-colored poison frog may live 25 years. After the eggs hatch, poison dart frogs carry the tadpoles to a nursery formed by water in bromeliad leaves. kikkerdirk, Getty Images Conservation Status The poison dart frog conservation status varies widely, depending on the species. Some species, such as the dyeing poison frog (Dendobates tinctorius) are classified by the IUCN as least concern and enjoy a stable population. Others, such as Summers poison frog (Ranitomeya summersi), are endangered and decreasing in numbers. Still other species have gone extinct or have yet to be discovered. Threats The frogs face three major threats: habitat loss, collection for the pet trade, and death from the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. Zoos that keep poison dart frogs often treat them with an antifungal agent to control the disease. Poison Dart Frogs and Humans Poison dart frogs are popular pets. They require high humidity and controlled temperatures. Even when their diet is changed, wild-caught poisonous frogs retain their toxicity for some time (potentially years) and should be handled with care. Captive-bred frogs become poisonous if fed an alkaloid-containing diet. The toxic alkaloids from some species may have medicinal value. For example, the compound epibatidine from Epipedobates tricolor skin is a painkiller that is 200 times more powerful than morphine. Other alkaloids show promise as appetite suppressants, heart stimulants, and muscle relaxants. Sources Daszak, P.; Berger, L.; Cunningham, A.A.; Hyatt, A.D.; Green, D.E.; Speare, R. Emerging infectious diseases and amphibian population declines. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (6): 735–48, 1999. doi:10.3201/eid0506.990601La Marca, Enrique and Claudia Azevedo-Ramos. Dendrobates leucomelas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T55191A11255828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55191A11255828.enSpeed, I; M. A. Brockhurst; G. D. Ruxton. The dual benefits of aposematism: Predator avoidance and enhanced resource collection. Evolution. 64 (6): 1622–1633, 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00931.xStefan, LÃ ¶tters; Jungfer, Karl-Heinz; Henkel, Friedrich Wilhelm; Schmidt, Wolfgang. Poison Frogs: Biology, Species, Captive Husbandry. Serpents Tale. pp. 110–136, 2007. ISBN 978-3-930612-62-8.

Black Boy Essay Research Paper Black BoyWhen

Black Boy Essay, Research Paper Black Boy When a individual thinks about hungriness, nutrient comes to mind. We neer think of hungriness as anything else. In Richard Wright # 8217 ; s book Blackboy, a immature male child faces many different types of hungriness. He refers to the phrase # 8220 ; American Hunger # 8221 ; throughout his book. I feel that the # 8220 ; American Hunger # 8221 ; which he is mentioning to is the hungriness to be considered an American and be treated as an equal. Throughout his life he was treated as if he were from another planet. He was ever considered to be different, an castaway and a also-ran. He felt the demand to be a portion of the alleged American Culture. He wanted to be able to make what the white kids did. He wanted to be able to travel to school, to larn, to read, hold friends, have a occupation ; but because he was an African American he could non. This is what I will be discoursing, his hungriness. Hunger is non the merely hungriness he felt. He felt many other types of hungriness throughout his life. His hungriness came about when his male parent left his household hungering which led to Richards physical hungriness. He feels as though it is his occupation to back up and assist his household since his pa left. By reading and larning through colleagues he learned how to cover with others, whether they are black or white. He learns the secret of how to last in his society by watching how others act and react to one another. An illustration of this is when Richard is in the lift and the black get says # 8220 ; Watch this. I will acquire a one-fourth # 8230 ; # 8221 ; So the child lets a white adult male kick him in the buttocks every bit hard as he can merely for a one-fourth. This secret is what keeps him alive, places him in society where he belongs, and lets him populate out is dream of going a author. Richard was so eager to larn that he kept invariably inquiring inquiries, and if his inquiries were left unreciprocated he would allow his imaginativeness take over.. He would seek to happen work in which he would be able to read some of the B ooks. His household and relations refused to allow him larn. There is one incident in which his school teacher read to him. His grandma got angry and said that reading was devils work. Through out his childhood he heard many footings and phrases. He neer understood what they meant but one time they were said he knew if they were good or bad. For illustration, when Richard was taking a bath and his grandma came in to scour his rear, Richard replied with, â€Å"When you get through, snog back there.† This is merely one of the many phrases he said in which he did non cognize the significance. Richard’s grandma flipped and wanted to crush Richard for what he had said. Richard had learned that phrase from school and didn’t know the significance. Through his avidity to larn he began to understand himself, other inkinesss, and Whites better. He continues to larn and to play dumb for his ain endurance. His self instruction began when a colleague Lent Richard his library card to read Mencken # 8217 ; s essays. He eventually got a interruption from a white adult male who trusts Richard and is willing to allow him read what he wants to read. He lets Richard # 8220 ; feed his hungriness, # 8221 ; He feels that his dreams and his narratives in which he reads are an flight for him. He wants to suit in with others and be able to be apart of America. He feels the demand to travel to school because it is his aspiration to go a author. His reading puzzled his Aunt Maggie for she could non understand why person would be reading merely for merriment because they liked it. Through out the book Richard tries to feed all his hungriness so that he isn # 8217 ; t hungry any longer. Not in the sense of nutrient but the sense of cognition. Back so it was difficult to be the colour black and survive and learn. Race was a large thing and could hold gotten him killed at any clip. But Richard learned organize his errors and other peoples errors and overcame many obstructions. He is a nationalist a hero a MAN. I feel that Richard had # 8220 ; kept himself full! # 8221 ;

GENDER DIFFERENCES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GENDER DIFFERENCES - Essay Example Nature vs. Nurture has been seen as one of the reasons why the actions of boys and girls are so conflicting and different from each other. According to Alan Dix, there is not a very significant difference between the average general IQ scores of men and women. However; when it comes to spatial and linguistic skills, the differences do exist. As research suggests, females have greater linguistic skills while their male counter parts are better when it comes to visual-spatial skills. (Dix 2002) Both, genetics and environment, play an important role in the formation of personalities but it gets extremely difficult to analyze and differentiate between them. One cannot determine the effects between inborn genetic talents and family influenced development. According to Woo Moo Hurh, it is almost impossible for human beings to survive and exist without nature as well as nurture. He also raises a question about whether men and women act differently because of biological differences or because of culturally specified gender-roles that have been assigned to them. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) There were higher rates of bipolar disorder and neurosis amongst women whereas the rates of personality or character disorder were higher amongst men, regardless of time or place. This means that men are more likely to behave anti-socially and get into drug and alcohol addiction and while women are more prone to suffer from neurosis and manic depression. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) Is it very evident that boys and girls function differently and this can be considered as one of the main reasons why scientists have been researching for years to find out why these differences exist? A study shows that boys and girls use different strategies to explain and solve mathematical problems. This difference in strategic thinking can be seen in children when they are only in first grade. People might argue that this difference exists because of genetics but in reality, it is more than

Management Challenges for Social Enterprises Term Paper

Management Challenges for Social Enterprises - Term Paper Example From the point of view of asset management, a social enterprise can increase the overall diversification of the portfolio while, at the same time, add more ethical trading and investing philosophy into the overall portfolio management also. It is believed that portfolio managers may have only to invest in the commercial entities to generate more value for their clients. Overall risk diversification and return strategies are, therefore, often tailored according to the dynamics of how a for-profit business operates and generates more value for the portfolio managers. Non-Profit wealth creation through social enterprise is viable and sustainable activity and can increase the overall well-being of the society while, at the same time, allowing asset managers to actually diversify their risks and also add more ethical investing and portfolio management orientation to the whole process of asset management (Field, 2014). This paper will be focusing on understanding the impact of non-profit w ealth creation on the overall portfolio risk and return. This paper will further add on to whether the non-profit wealth creation will add more ethical orientation to the portfolio management or not. Before discussing further, it is critical to developing the comprehensive understanding of what a social enterprise is and how it operates and creates value for all stakeholders. The overall concept and idea of a social enterprise existed for long. However, it has recently gained more momentum with large organizations such as Dannon entering into joint ventures to form social enterprises. A social enterprise’s focus is on the use of commercial strategies and tactics to achieve more value and improvement in the human and environmental well-being.

Tsarist system of government Essay Example for Free

Tsarist system of government Essay The Tsarist system of government underwent many changes throughout the years of 1881-1914. Both Alexander III and Nicholas II created several modifications, being both good and bad, to the government during these years. Alexander III created mostly negative changes, due to him being seen as a reactionary, whereas Nicholas II created mainly positive changes to the government as a result of the 1905 revolution. These changes can be categorised into political, economic and social modifications. Alexander III made a few political modifications to the Tsarist government. In 1851, he introduced Land Captains. These meant that people, sometimes locals, could be appointed to have more power over the people within their towns or cities, meaning power was seemingly being more wide spread. However, these lands captains were chosen by the Tsar himself, meaning he could manipulate who had extra power based on what he wanted. Therefore, some could argue that this was a negative modification made to the government. Alexander III also introduced the Manifesto of Unshakeable Autocracy in 1881. This showed the Tsars rejection of democracy and further reform, meaning he had further influence and power over everyone else. He also introduced the Statue of State Security in 1881, which allowed for the Okhrana to have more powers. For example, the Okhrana was now able to break into people’s houses without reason or their consent, meaning the government had further control over the population of Russia. Although Alexander III’s political reforms were mostly bad, the introduction of the Land Captains meant that his power was in fact becoming more widespread amongst the population of Russia, and not all of Russia’s power was given to one person. Therefore, the political reforms made by Alexander III showed a slight modification the government during his reign. Nicholas II also introduced several political reforms. These took place after the 1905 revolution. In 1905, Nicholas issued the October manifesto. This gave people a lot more freedom than they previously had. Freedom of speech, organisation and assembly was now made legal; allowing opposition groups to now be able to be more organised as they were allowed to meet in public. Nicholas also introduced the fundamental laws in 1906, which allowed for the government to become more democratic. Under the fundamental laws, Article 87 was introduced, giving the Tsar the complete right to exercise any policy that he wished, without having to gain permission from the Dumas beforehand. The first State Duma was also introduced under Nicholas II in April 1906, which allowed for the population of Russia to have more of a say in the governments decisions. It was believed that the Duma was a step forwards towards a democracy for Russia; however, the Tsar could change and manipulate the Dumas in whatever way he wished through the use of Article 87, mean they were only put in place to make Russia seem more democratic when in reality it was not. Nicholas II also introduced a pro-government terrorist group called the Black Hundreds in 1905, meaning the government had further control over Russia as they were willing to use violence to get what they wanted. All of these new policies introduced by Nicholas seemed like positive reforms, however Article 87 meant that the Tsar could still pass laws and policies without consulting the Dumas beforehand, so really the Tsar and his power still heavily remained in Russia. The modifications made by Nicholas II throughout the years of his reign drastically changed the Tsarist government, showing the fact that Nicholas’ modifications greatly impacted the Tsarist government. Both of the Tsars between the years 1881-1914 also introduced a range of economic reforms. Under Alexander III were Witte, Bunge and Vysknegradsky. Witte made several economic reforms, including the building of the Trans-Siberian railway in 1891, the increase of foreign loans, the gold standard and industrialisation. All of these meant that Russia was now becoming a much richer country, with more exports going to other countries. The production of coal, iron and oil was majorly increased, meaning the country had a lot more sources of income other than just agriculture. The building of the railway meant that trade was much easier, and therefore the countries income was increased as a result. Despite all of Witte’s efforts, Russia still lagged behind other great powers economically, and therefore the economic policies put in place did improve Russia but not as much as Witte intended. Also, Alexander III introduced the Peasants Land Bank in 1862, which meant that peasants would now find it easier to rent land. However, they still had a difficult time paying this back and not many peasants owned land after this was put in place, the majority of land was still owned by the major, richer landowners. As a result, this shows a major change to the government during Alexander’s reign as a wide range of economic policies were introduced by Witte which dramatically improved the countries overall income and as a result Russia was much better off as a country. Nicholas II also put various economic changes in place. These were under Stolypin, who changed a great deal for Russia and put a lot of policies in place. One economic policy which was put in place by Stolypin was the ending of redemption payments for peasants to pay to the Mir in 1907. This in turn meant that peasants had more money to put towards land and farms, meaning they could make more income and not lose any money due to having to make redemption payments. Stolypin also introduced loans for peasants which were easier for peasants to get hold of. This meant that they could own more land and were encouraged to own a farm, and therefore would have an increased income as a result of this. Also, the peasants easily would have been able to pay off these loans due to having an increased income, so as a result peasants were no longer as poor as before. This however can be counter-argued by saying that in 1906-14, only 25% of peasants owned lots of land/farms, showing that this policy did not fully do what was originally intended. Also, the richest 10% of landowners still owned majority of the land, meaning not much of it actually belonged to the peasants. Nicholas II therefore made several economic modifications to the government during his reign which attempted to benefit the peasants of Russia. However, although most of these changes were beneficial to Russia, some of them did not take the desired effect; for example Nicholas II tried to make peasants gain more land, but figures show that majority of the land was still owned by the richest land owners and not peasants. Finally, both Alexander and Nicholas introduced a range of social reforms. Alexander III introduced the policy of Russification in 1883. This meant that the official language of Russia was Russian, and all schools and documents had to be written in Russian; any other language was not allowed. This meant that other cultures and other languages were repressed, as someone could not speak the language of their home country within Russia. This then would have created a further breeding ground for more opposition to the Tsarist rule, so Russification had negative effects on Russia and on the Tsarist government. Alexander III also emancipated the serfs in 188. This was a major social reform for the serfs as it now meant that they had a lot more freedom and were no longer enslaved by serfdom. However, it can be argued that the serfs were no actually freed. The now ex-serfs were still tied to the land, meaning they still had to work on that land for the land owners and they therefore were not actually free. Also, ex-serfs had to pay redemption payments on the land they used to be tied to, so they are having to compensate the government. As a result of these modifications, the Tsarist government was modified in many ways based on Alexander’s social reforms, even if all of his reforms made were not as beneficial as originally thought. Nicholas II also introduced many social reforms. Under Stolypin, Nicholas introduced the policy of every head of each household inheriting some land. As a result, each family would then therefore have some land ownership within the family, meaning they had some source of income if no other sources of income are obtainable. This was a positive reform made by Nicholas II as not as many people faced poverty and poor living conditions and therefore they overall had a better life. Another reform made by Stolypin under Nicholas II was the demolition of the Mir. These meant that peasants had to live within a Mir and had a lot of restrictions based on where they could go and when they could leave. Stolypin got rid of Mir’s in 1908, which as a result gave peasants a lot more freedom than they previously had. The social reforms made by Nicholas II were overall positive as they greatly benefited the population of Russia; mainly the peasants. This then shows that the Tsarist government did face many modifications throughout the years 1881-1914 as Nicholas put in place many social reforms which greatly changed how Russian peasants lived. Overall, it is clearly evident that several modifications were made to the Tsarist government in the years 1881-1914, which were made by both Alexander III and Nicholas II. These took form in political, economic and social changes, and some had positive effects whereas others had negative effects. However, not all of the reforms put in place fully did what they were originally intended to do, and therefore the modifications were drastically made but not to the extent in which they were intended to do so.

Othello as Victim of Hamartia Essay -- Othello essays

Othello as Victim of Hamartia   Ã‚  Ã‚   By definition, a tragedy is a story that details the downfall of a protagonist. Most often, the protagonist (tragic hero) is a member of high society who is faced with an oppositional force, be it internal or external. In his Poetics, Aristotle states that "tragedy is the imitation of an action; and an action implies personal agents, who necessarily possess certain distinctive qualities both of character and thought; for it is by these that we qualify actions themselves, and these- thought and character- are the two natural causes from which actions spring, and on actions, again all success or failure depends...." This quote illustrates an aspect of tragedy upon which many works are based, including Shakespeare’s Othello. Aristotle has thus outlined the characteristics of a tragic hero. The tragic hero must be cursed with an overpowering â€Å"hamartia,† or tragic flaw, which leads to his eventual downfall. Although he is a virtuous man, Othello is a tragic hero whose naivetà © becomes his tragic flaw. Over the course of the play, the audience sees Othello crumble apart because of his over-powering jealousy. Despite his sins, the audience still manages to feel pity for Othello and his horrible misfortune. In this case, the tragic h... .... Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957

Heat and Dust by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Essay

‘Heat and dust’ is a story of two different women of two different characters and from two different times in history. A young English woman comes to India to reconstruct the life of her grandfather’s first wife Olivia. Olivia is said to have married Douglas in England round 50 years back and had come to Satipur in India. Here she met the Nawab in a dinner party in Khatm and expected him to visit her within a week. She was not wrong as the Nawab did visit her and in this way they became friends and after some ime passed they became lovers. When she became pregnant she told the Nawab and her husband about it. The Nawab’s mother arranged for an abortion and after that Olivia went to the palace to live. Nawab purchased a house for her in a village in the foothills of Himalayas where she stayed till her death in 1950s. Olivia was so much in love with him that after her death her body was cremated and her ashes spread over the Himalayas, which is against British custom. The young woman who came to India wants to know more about Olivia and lives in Satipur, visits the house in which her grandfather Douglas and Olivia used to live. She visits the Nawab’s palace with her landlord, Inder Lal. She also visits the shrine of Baba Firdau with Inder Lal’s mother and family on an annual fertility day. The next time when she goes there with Inder Lal both of them become lovers and that was near to the spot where Olivia and Nawab had become lovers in 1923. Then the narrator arrives in the same village where Olivia had stayed for rest of her life and stays in the same house. She oo has become pregnant and the story ends with the narrator deciding to carry her child to term. She has also heard about an ashram where she plans to stay but has no idea for how long she would be there. The story of two women is in two different times in history because Olivia had loved Nawab in a society where men were superior and the interaction took place between two different cultures. At that time British got transferred to India and they restricted to interact only with royal Indian families and hence the love story of Olivia with Nawab ook place. But when the narrator comes to India, it is a liberal state and all are free to travel and interact with anyone they want. So the narrator gets friendly with Inder Lal who is a civil servant and falls in love with him. However the situation and place all are same with both the women and it seems the same old story is getting repeated. In spite of few differences due to discrete situations and circumstances, it seems that the narrator is following the footsteps of Olivia. The time is different for these two women with dissimilar society rules but the reader has he impression that narrator is unknowingly following the footsteps of Olivia. The intercultural interaction is the same along with the marriage vows. Any relationship outside marriage was considered immoral at that time and in modern times as well. It seems not much has changed like the dos and don’ts for a woman were present in pre- colonial India and in post times too. The description of the two different times with similar situations helps the readers to understand both the women and their feelings properly.

Reflection and Refraction of Light Essay

Objective The purpose of this experiment is to prove the laws of reflection and refraction, and to determine the angle of the total internal reflection and the index of refraction in the experiment. Theory The theory being experimented in this procedure is that of Willebrord Snell. From his theory we understand that the incident ray, the normal line and the refracted ray all lie on the same plane. We also understand that the relationship is defined in a ratio with the following equation; Which means that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction, I equal to the ratio of the speed of light in the original medium and the speed of light in the refracting medium. Procedure We set up the optics track, light source and the ray table. We then aligned the flat side of the mirror with the ray of light from the light source. We rotated the ray table in increments of 10 ÌŠ. The first set were done going clockwise. Once done we then did the same thing but going counterclockwise. This gave us the Angles of Reflection. FromThe two Angles of Reflection we were able to calculate the average Angles of Reflection, listed in Table 1. For the Law of Refraction, we replaced the mirror with a Acrylic cylindrical lens. We rotated the ray table clockwise by increments of 10ÌŠ again. We repeated the same measurements but instead with counterclockwise angles. From the two angles of refraction we were able to calculate the average angles of refraction. Finally, we aligned the flat side of the lens so that incoming light ray struck the cylindrical surface. We rotated the ray table until the refracted ray disappeared completely and only the reflected ray was visible. This is the angle of incidence. This gave us our angle of incidence theoretical value. From this we were also able to calculate the angle of refraction.

buy custom Healthcare in America essay

buy custom Healthcare in America essay The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010 is an effort to solve Americas biggest domestic issue. The issues of cost, the large number of uninsured, and quality of care are the catalysts leading America toward universal healthcare. First, while insurance companies are recording superfluous profits, insurance premiums are averaging 10% to 20% of families budgets (Abelson 3). In addition to having to pay large premiums, high deductibles have risen sharply. In 2010, 10% of people covered by their employer had a deductible of at least $2000.00 (Abelson 1). These high deductibles discourage people from receiving routine medical care because they are paying out of pocket until their deductible is reached. This practice has a reverse effect with people putting off care until they absolutely need to, which results in higher costs. An estimated 18,000 people in the U.S die each year prematurely because of not having affordable healthcare (Toner 5). A byproduct of this age of large premiums and deductibles is deceptive marketing practices by insurance companies leading people to believe they are covered while the small print excludes them from coverage, selling people essentially fake insurance. The small print jargon can be so confusing even hospital representatives can be fooled. In one case, Lawrence Yardin had a policy, which seemed to indicate $150,000 a year in hospital care. After looking at his policy, St. Davids, where he went for two separate heart procedures, estimated his portion of his bill to be a few thousand dollars. He and the hospital were surprised to learn his coverage was mostly for room and board. The policy coverage for other hospital services was capped at $10,000, which excluded him from nearly all-routine care including medicine (Abelson 1). Mr. Yardin ended up with a hospital bill of over $200,000, forcing him into bankruptcy. This is one example of people being pushed into personal bankruptcy by medical problems who actually had insurance when they got sick, which is now estimated be 75% of people filing for bankruptcy. The excessive cost of healthcare in America has also created a new industry called medical tourism. This is the practice of going to such countries as Thailand, India, Singapore, and Costa Rica to receive elective medical treatments. With heart valve replacement costing as much as $160,000 in Boston, the same procedure can be as little as $8,000 in India. A hip replacement costing $43,000 in New York can be done for $12,000 in Thailand (Shilan 1). In 2008, Hannaford supermarkets added an international option for hip replacement surgery where the cost is $10,000 to $15,000, compared to more than $40,000 in the U.S. An employee would pay $2,000 to $3,000 out of pocket for the procedure stateside. If the employee goes to Singapore, he or she has no out of pocket expenses and the company pays up to $10,000 for airfare and lodging fo the patient and a companion (Shilan 2). Healthcare costs forcing Americans to foreign countries for procedures, going into bankruptcy, and foregoing preventive care have put America on the course for universal care. Second, although the perception in America is that our healthcare is the best in the world, the U.S. ranks only 37 th in healthcare performance among 191 members of the World Health Organization (Davidson, p. 3). A dismal statistic considering America spends more on healthcare per capita than any other country in the world. Quality healthcare means doing the right thing at the right time in the right way for the right person and having the best results possible (Docteur 1). A recent study finds 81% of Americans have concerns that quality of care will diminish if the U.S. adopts universal healthcare. Americans have come to assume they have the best healthcare in the world, maybe out of ignorance. The United States is not among top performers in terms of life expectancy, and rank among the lower third of developed countries in life expectancy at birth (Docteur 3). In addition, in a recent study among 19 countries, the United States had the highest rate of death from conditions that co uld have been prevented or treated successfully. The Canadians, who have had a universal health care system for years also seem to be receiving better quality of care. From 10 studies that included statistical adjustment and enrolled broad populations, five favored Canada, two favored the United States, and three showed mixed results (Docteur 7). When looking at these studies it is clear that the United States is not the best provider of health care in the world, offering another reason for the push toward universal care. Moreover, according to (Patel Rushefsky182) and the findings of a research carried out by RAND HEALTH on the quality of heath care in America, it was established that on overall, adults receive nearly half of the recommended health care. In addition, the findings further postulates that the quality of care across metropolis was similar. It also points out that the quality of care varied across conditions, as well as across communities in respect for the same condition, for instance, cares for diabetes varied from 39% in Little Rock to 59% in Miami. However, the care for cardiac problems was also inconsistent with 52% in Orange County and Indiana to 70% in Syracuse. The findings further revealed that no single community had the worst or the best health care in relation to chronic conditions, and that all socio-demographic groups were at risk for poor health care since race, financial status, as well as gender makes a negligible difference as far as receiving recommended health care i s concerned. This measures the extent in which the quality of health care in America vary, and as such, the need for a universal care will help improve the situation. Finally, the other factor pushhing America toward universal care is number of uninsured in America. The Census Bureau reports the number of Americans now at an all-time high of 49.9 million, an increase of 900,000 from 2009 (Pecquet 1). Since 2001, the number of Americans with employer-provided insurance has declined from 179.9 million to 169.2 million, partly from employers no longer offering coverage, but also from employees who could no longer afford the premiums (Kunerth 1). In 2010, in regard to the adult population 16.4% are un-insured, 11.2 % are get insurance from means such as buying their own insurance coverage, 25.3% get health coverage through government plan, and 45.8% getting employer-based coverage. However, this percentage has been on a decline, hence increasing the number of uninsured. With the economy not doing well many families have had to make the decision between health insurance and food on the table. Those without insurance have been classified as either invol untary uninsured or voluntary uninsured. The involuntary uninsured comprises of school dropouts, young, low-Income, immigrants, unemployed, as well as those who are single and have no children. These demographics indicate the variation in health coverage. The number of uninsured in America has been tolling, and research indicates that 1 in 5 adults below the age of 65 and approximately 1 in 10 children are without insurance. As such, individuals without insurance are exposed to more health risks compared to those insured. The gap that exist between those insured and those without insurance in terms of effective health care access and health care needs have resulted in needless suffering, illness and even death. In addition, the levels of uninsured in America in 2010 still remains high with 38.9% of Hispanic Americans continuing to be uninsured, whereas 3 out 0f 10 low-income Americans staying without insurance. On the other hand, 28% of youths below the age of 26 are still without insurance. The high number of uninsured mea ns that, those uninsured will be potentially vulnerable, and again it will add to the collective cost of healthcare that Americans pay. A Center for Disease Control (CDC) report points out the falling economy as one of the contributor to the soaring number of the uninsured. Many people during the economic downturn loss their job, this implies that they also loss the accompanying insurance coverage. The report findings indicates that out of the 68,000 Americans surveyed, more than two-thirds are considered to be in good health, but the number is far much below what it was a decade ago. As such, the need for a healthcare reform is indispensable. Based on the documented studies, the healthcare system of America is on a crisis. Therefore, necessary action must be taken, and as such, the appropriate action should be through a healthcare reform where all the American citizens will be eligible to health insurance coverage. This will help in reducing the variations that are prevalent in health care needs and access. Buy custom Healthcare in America essay

The American Experience Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The American Experience - Term Paper Example Thus, there were some forms in the eighteenth-century writing that did not conform to the general notions about genres and other forms. There were many interesting themes which could be found in the text of Letters from an American Farmer. The features included the nature of an American character such as their work ethic, the duties of an individual, anti-intellectualism, the farmer seen as a prototype representing the American character, the treatment of the slaves, the way of viewing new immigrants together with their ethnicity, literary resonances that showed the escape from the civilization as in Letter XII and stereotypical nature of the American characters. The Letter was divided into twelve sections that depict the way American soil, its life, slavery, and culture was perceived by Crevec?ur. He was probably the first writer who described Europeans by employing different American English terms. He emphasized the life seen on the American frontier and tried to explore the idea b ehind the so-called American Dream. In his writings, he portrayed American society to be characterized by the principles stressing on the equal opportunity as well as self-determination. His work was successful in providing a lot of useful information together with an understanding of the presumed "New World" which helped in creating utopian American identity (Crevecoeur xi). This was done for the prevailing European minds by describing the area as an entire country and not just another regional colony. The writing in The Letters celebrated the American ingenuity and its uncomplicated lifestyle. It was written to describe the inclusion and the acceptance of religious dynamics in a society that was created from several varieties of ethnic as well as cultural backgrounds. The letters that were written by him depicted the rural life of America. He introduced the cultivation of several European crops, notably the alfalfa, in the American country and the American potato in Normandy. He t ried to understand America from the purview of a farmer. He tried to find the answer to the question what actually consisted of American, this new American man. â€Å"He is an American, who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds† (Crevecoeur 54). â€Å"The American is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must, therefore, entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, penury, and useless labor, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence. --This is an American† (Crevecoeur 56) Literary analysis Crevecoeur in his letters portrayed his love for nature from the perspective of a farmer. His respect towards nature and his compassion towards all living beings are obvious and is the principal backdrop of all his letters. Crevecoeur feels that man and natur e are interlinked, and without the right balance in nature, man cannot survive. Similarly, man’s compassion and caring attitude can preserve the sanctity of nature. He also feels that Americans do not display their compassion towards nature in the way that is needed.  

Reflective log on the six topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Reflective log on the six topics - Essay Example In reflecting on the history of crime control, the policies of the government and the calls for reforms from citizens have played a dynamic role in shaping crime control and policing. One issue in attempting to explicate a history of crime control in the United Kingdom is that crime statistics were not kept before 1805 and thus all endeavours to reconstruct the state of crime before then must be gathered from, at times, shady court records (Emsley 204). The genesis of modern crime control is often attributed, by most Whig historians, to the establishment of the Metropolitan Police in 1829 by then Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel (Sharpe 6). The traditional historical account suggests that this was prompted by the rising rates of crime throughout London and other increasingly urbanized areas in the north and midlands, and the perceived outmoded inadequacy of the previous system of parish constables and watchmen, which had shown its impotence in such situations as the Gordon Riots in 1780 (Emsley 211). The elevation of crime control measures from primarily local and discretionary mechanisms to centralized and homogenous is a general trend that is in part due to the g rowth of London and other large cities, and the attendant concerns of urban populism mandated greater national implementation of crime management techniques (Emsley 226). One possible explanation for this is that urban environments present a more complex and interconnected social dynamic, which can more easily breakdown with more disastrous results, than in the more agrarian and rural milieu that dominated Great Britain in centuries prior. Rather than focusing on the dozens of crime control theories that populate handbooks and research journals, some attention should be paid to the nature of crime control theory itself and how it is established. One of the difficulties in generating sound theories of crime control is in

Concert review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Concert review - Essay Example They can either play with a director or not depending on the occasion. This was the Concerto Stella Matutina’s debut in the Rheingau music festival. The group was led by Rolf Lislevant, who is the group’s baroque guitarist (Manson, 2013). Rolf Lislevant has had a major role in the development of early music performances. This he has done by not just using original music and period instruments, but he also reinstated missing elements of imprecision. This technique was well established and widely used when the music was originally composed. However, its use has become rare in the classic and baroque music. Lislevant was accompanied by two of his colleagues from Kapsberger Ensemble: Thoharald Johnsen a former student and compatriot and Bjorn Kjellemyr. They primarily played in Jazz style on the double bass, using the fingers instead of the bow. Thoharald Johnsen can also play the Renaissance lute, baroque guitar and chitarra battente (Buelow, 2004). The flagship location f or the Rheingau music festival was at the Kloster Eberbach, a former imposing monastery. The concert was sold out, and the attendance was up to one thousand people, who came together for a music session known as â€Å"Early Music Meets Jazz†. The first concert took place in February 2012 in Australia. This concert was one of the most memorable and scintillating that has ever been witnessed in recent years. The change in the venue from their first concert which was done in a concert hall, to cavernous Basilica had some major impacts on several aspects of sound projection. This was mostly experienced with the lowest register instruments. The amplified bass experienced this as it generated a lot of reverberations and the baroque was most of the distinguishable. The brass instruments also at some point could not be heard through the acoustic space. However, this did not prevent players from rocking the concert as they took the problem as a motivation to play better. This gave thi s different concert much joy (Manson, 2013). The pieces that were mostly played dated back to the 16th century, which is very much close to the lutenists’ remit. There were also two pieces from a field that is considered to have been rather neglected by recent  music composers. This is the Australian High Baroque which the Concerto Stella Matutina has made to be their own. One of the Australian High Baroque founding fathers is Johann Heinrich Schmeltzer. His Sonata a 3 was a slow graceful work which since Heinrich’s time has showed the Cornett player’s technical abilities. During that time, the Cornett players were seen on the basis of virtuosity as equals to the violin. Then to the evening’s main business, here the jazz started meeting the earlier music such as the performance of the Aria di Firenze composed in the 16th century. The composer of the lyrics is anonymous. The two guitarists with their fluid and crisp flow of rhythmic precision alternating improvisation and melody vividly brought the out concert’s latest dance theme. This was subsequently supplemented by jazzy trombone. The second half started close to night fall with breathtaking music by Thor-Heralds Johnsen’s alteration of the Kapsberger’s Toccata 2. This was developed by the seamlessly movement of Lislevant’s guitar through Aria Di Passacaglia by Frescobaldi to his electrifying arrangement of Passacaglia Andaluz by an anonymous composer. The two performances by Francesco da Milano were the main highlights of

Leadership, Team Building and Communication at Apple Inc Essay

Leadership, Team Building and Communication at Apple Inc - Essay Example The essay "Leadership, Team Building and Communication at Apple Inc" overviews the leadership, team building and communication strategies at Apple Inc, one of the top organizations, which are involving many workers who work in different teams. As the time passes, many things and concepts are modified according to the situation. Same is the case with the leadership style and theories. Leadership theories are modified according to the need of the hour. Traditionally there were trait leadership model, behavioral leadership, and the situational leadership theories. Then there comes a difference in the thought pattern of leaders and the organizations. The contemporary theories include transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and the charismatic leadership. In the 21st century, there are many new concepts, which are emerging according to the situation and the issues, which any leader may face. This includes expansive leadership, emotional intelligence and the system thinking from the leader perspective. Different types of powers can be classified based on interpersonal communication. This interpersonal power actually assists people and very much helpful for the people who are in leadership positions. Expert power, legitimate power, referent power and the most important information power, these are all kinds of interpersonal powers which actually help any leader. When two or more persons work anywhere, in the form of a team or a group, then the occurrence of conflicts is a common matter of fact.

Pancreatitis: Causes and Symptoms

Pancreatitis: Causes and Symptoms Acute Pancreatitis Introduction Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It is widely accepted that it is caused by pancreatic enzymes digesting their own gland. This leads to inflammation of the pancreas. There are two main forms of pancreatitis, acute and chronic. In acute pancreatitis the pancreas can usually heal itself without any lasting changes to function or structure of the gland. If the pancreas heals but then inflammation reoccurs intermittently and causes irreversible changes to structure and function then it is known as chronic pancreatitis (1). Pathophysiology The exact mechanism is not fully understood however it is believed that the initial events take place within the acinar cells of the pancreas. Injury of the acinar cells leads to an inflammatory reaction localized within the cells. If this inflammation is excessive it can lead to a systemic inflammatory response. The inflammatory process can cause systemic effects because of the presence of cytokines, such as bradykinins and phospholipase A. These cytokines may cause vasodilation, increase in vascular permeability, pain, and leukocyte accumulation in the vessel walls all leading to inflammation. Fat necrosis may also occur causing hypocalcaemia; and pancreatic B-cell injury leading to hyperglycemia (2). A marked systemic inflammatory reaction can lead to ‘distant organ damage and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (1). This is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis. The disease progression can be seen in the following three steps: 1) Local inï ¬â€šammation of the pancreas, 2) A generalized inï ¬â€šammatory response, 3) Multi-organ dysfunction (1) When there is injury or disruption of the pancreatic acini pancreatic enzymes namely trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase leak into the pancreatic tissue. These enzymes become activated and initiate autodigestion and lead to acute pancreatitis. The activated enzymes break down the pancreatic tissue and cell membranes which leads to oedema, and vascular damage which leads to hemorrhage and necrosis. Some patients who have had a severe attack of pancreatitis who survive through the initial event die following a rather minor insult that would not be life threatening normally. It is said that the two hit hypothesis comes in to play here. The initial excessive systemic inflammatory response primes the immune system so that if another event takes place (a small insult in comparison) for example a chest infection, the immune system is overwhelmed leading to an exaggerated inflammatory response which can lead to death (1). History and examination The main presentation of acute pancreatitis is epigastric pain or right upper quadrant pain radiating through to the back. In many patients sitting forward can relieve the pain a little. The patient would usually also complain of nausea, vomiting and fever. It is important to note a history of previous biliary colic and binge alcohol consumption. The patient may also be tachycardic, tachypneic, hypotensive and mildly jaundiced (2). Abdominal tenderness, distension, guarding, and rigidity are quite common as are diminished or absent bowel sounds. If the inflammation should spread to the lungs then basilar rales may be noted on auscultation of the lung. In severe cases Grey Turner or Cullens sign may also be noted (2). Aetiology There are many causes of pancreatitis. The most common causes being habitual chronic alcohol consumption and biliary stones. In western countries including the UK alcohol abuse is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis. A recent study showed that 44% of patients have alcohol as the primary risk factor for acute or chronic pancreatitis (3). Gall stones can cause pancreatitis as they may become wedged in the pancreatic duct or ampulla of Vater and obstruct the pancreatic duct, leading to release of enzymes into the parenchyma. Other less common causes include: injury (e.g. post ERCP), drugs (such as NSAIDS, azathioprine), viruses (e.g. mumps), autoimmune conditions (e.g. SLE), hyperlipidaemia, malignancy and Scorpion and snake bites (4). Investigations to be done if pancreatitis is suspected 1) Serum enzyme levels: Serum amylase in pancreatitis is more than four times the normal value and lipase is twice the normal and this is diagnostic as there is no other source other than the pancreas, but this test is not always available (5). 2) Full blood count, U+E, glucose, CRP: the CRP value is significantly lower in drug-induced acute pancreatitis and a raised bilirubin and serum aminotransferase is suggestive of gall stones. Low serum calcium levels are quite common in acute pancreatitis and hypocalcaemia is also relatively common. 3) Plain erect abdominal x-ray: this is done to exclude other causes of the symptoms such as intestinal obstruction or perforation. 4) Chest x-ray: this can show if there is a rise in one hemidiaphragm, acute respiratory distress syndrome or pleural effusions which can occur in severe cases of acute pancreatitis. 5) CT with contrast enhancement: this can be diagnostic if clinical results were inconclusive. CT may show swelling, fluid collection and change in the density of the gland. 6) Ultrasound: this is useful to see if the pancreas is swollen and if the common bile duct is dilated. It can also detect gallstones (5). Management In mild cases management is on a general medical ward. Analgesia is given to relieve the pain, usually with pethidine. Morphine is not usually used as it can have a spastic effect on the sphincter of Oddi (4). The patient is given intravenous fluids and not allowed to take anything my mouth. If the patient is vomiting severely then a nasogastic tube is considered. Oral fluids and solids can be taken once symptoms have cleared and blood tests are normal. The cause must then be treated, for example if gallstones were the cause then they must be removed. The severity of pancreatitis is determined by the Glasgow score or Ranson criteria which looks at patient demographics, electrolytes and enzyme levels on admission and 48 hours later (see 1) Glasgow prognostic score Ransons criteria * Age >55 years * WBC >15 x109/l * Urea >16mmol/l * Glucose >10mmol/l * pO2 * Albumin * Calcium * LDH >600 units/l * AST/ALT >200 units Present on admission: * Age >55 years * WBC >15 x109/l * Glucose >10mmol/l * LDH >600 units/l * SGOT >250 units/l Developing during first 48 hours: * Haematocrit fall 10% * Urea increase >8mg/dl * Serum Ca * Arterial O2 saturation * Base deficit >4meq/l * Estimated fluid sequestration >600ml In Severe cases the patent is treated in ITU. There is a high chance of multiple organ failure and infected pancreatic necrosis in these patients so if there is evidence to suggest this then intravenous antibiotics should be administered straight away. The patient should be fed via a nasogastric tube and where there are gallstones present and a high probability of a severe attack early ERCP should be done. Local Complications Pancreatic necrosis is likely if the CRP is rising and is confirmed by a CT scan. Infection occurs in 30-70% of cases of necrosis and this trebles the mortality risk. Fluid collections occurs in 30-50% of patients with acute pancreatitis but in most cases resolves spontaneously. Pancreatic abscess, acute pseudocysts and pancreatic ascites can also occur (6). Systemic complications These include pulmonary oedema, pleural effusions and ARDS with regards to the respiratory system and hypovolamenia and shock with regards to the cardiovascular system. Other complications include: disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, renal dysfunction, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperglycaemia and GI haemorrhage (6). Summary Acute pancreatitis is a disease in which there is inflammation of the pancreas. Acute abdominal pain and vomiting are the most common symptoms and increased serum concentrations of the enzymes amylase and lipase can confirm the diagnosis. Injury to the pancreas is mild in 80% of patients who recover well without complications. The rest have a more severe disease and present with local and systemic complications. Alcohol abuse and gall stones are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis in adults and treatment of mild pancreatitis is supportive and more serious disease needs intervention from quite a few members of the multidisciplinary team (5). Improving the understanding of the pathophysiology and better investigation of the disease severity should improve the management and outcome of this compound disease (5). References Bhatia M,Wong FL, Cao Y, Lau HY, Huang J, Puneet P, Chevali L. Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology [online]. 2005; 5(2-3):132-44. [cited 2009 Dec 4] Available from: URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15849484 Ghattas K, Samer S Deeba. Pancreatitis. E medicine [online]. 2009; [cited 2009 Nov 21]. Avalable from: URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775867-overview Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Adam S, Hawes RH, Brand RE, Anderson MA, et al.Multicenter approach to recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis in the United States: the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 (NAPS2).Pancreatology [online]. 2008; 8(4-5):520-31. [cited 2009 Dec 1] Available from: URL:http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/18765957 Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Turmezei T, Cheung CK. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine (Oxford Handbooks Series) 6th edition. Oxford university press; 2008 Frossard JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. The Lancet [online]. 2008; 12;371(9607):143-52. [ cited 2009 Nov 23] available from: URL: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)60107-5/abstract Willacy H, Kavanagh S. Acute Pancreatitis. Patient Plus UK [online]. 2008. [cited2009 Nov 29] Available from: URL: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Acute-Pancreatitis.htm

Egyptian Tombs :: World History Essays

Egyptian Tombs Egyptologists had lost interest in the site of tomb 5, which had been explored and looted decades ago. Therefore, they wanted to give way to a parking lot. However, no one would have ever known the treasure that lay only 200 ft. from King Tut's resting place which was beyond a few rubble strewn rooms that previous excavators had used to hold their debris. Dr. Kent Weeks, an Egyptologist with the American University in Cairo, wanted to be sure the new parking facility wouldn't destroy anything important. Thus, Dr. weeks embarked in 1988 on one final exploration of the old dumping ground. Eventually he was able to pry open a door blocked for thousands of years, and announced the discovery of a life time. "We found ourselves in a corridor," he remembers. "On each side were 10 doors and at end there was a statue of Osiris, the god of the afterlife." The tomb is mostly unexcavated and the chambers are choked with debris, Weeks is convinced that there are more rooms on a lower level, bringing the total number to more than 100. That would make tomb 5 the biggest and most complex tomb ever found in Egypt, and quite conceivable the resting place of up to 50 sons of Ramesses II, perhaps the best known of all the pharaohs, the ruler believed to have been Moses' nemesis in the book of Exodus. The Valley of the Kings, in which Tomb 5 is located, is just across the Nile River from Luxor, Egypt. It is never exactly been off the beaten track. Tourism has been brisk in the valley for millenniums: graffiti scrawled on tomb walls proves that Greek and Roman travelers stopped here to gaze at the wall paintings and hieroglyphics that were already old long before the birth of Christ. Archaeologists have been coming for centuries too. Napoleon brought his own team of excavators when he invaded in 1798, and a series of expeditions in 19th and early 20th centuries uncovered one tomb after another. A total of 61 burial spots had been found by the time the British explorer Howard Carter opened the treasure-laden tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922. Britain's James Burton had burrowed into the site of Tomb 5 in 1820, and decided that there was nothing inside. A dismissive Carter used its entryway as a place to dump the debris he was hauling out of Tut's tomb. In the late 1980s, came the proposed parking area and Weeks' concern. His 1988 foray made it clear that the tomb wasn't dull as Burton said. Elaborate carvings covered walls and referred to Ramesses II, whose